Nginx 反向代理之神奇的斜线

代理模式

在客户端中请求服务器A，反向代理到服务器B，对于如下4组配置的代理效果如下。

效果1

# A实际发起的请求路劲 -> B收到的请求
# localhost/v1/api -> /api
location /v1/ {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12/;
}

# localhost/v2/api -> //api
location /v2 {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12/;
}

效果2

# localhost/v3/api -> /v3/api
location /v3/ {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12;
}

# localhost/v4/api -> /v4/api
location /v4 {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12;
}

效果3

# localhost/v5/api -> /on/api
location /v5/ {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12/on/;
}

# localhost/v6/api -> /on//api
location /v6 {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12/on/;
}

效果4

# localhost/v7/api -> /onapi
location /v7/ {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12/on;
}

# localhost/v8/api -> /on/api
location /v8 {
  proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12/on;
}

只要proxy_pass后面新制定的路由地址带有/开头的字符串，那么请求后面的地址信息将会从location中匹配到的部分去除，将剩余的地址信息部分追加到proxy_pass拼接到地址后面，构建成一个全新的请求url。如下图：

curl 10.10.10.11/v1/api    # /v1/  被匹配到了，会去掉 “/v1/”， 所以只剩下api
       location /v1/ {
           proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12/;
       }
                      http://10.10.10.12/api   # 将api 拼接在proxy_pass后面，形成新的url
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
curl 10.10.10.11/v3/api    # /v1/  被匹配到了，因为proxy_pass里面没有路劲，所以请求路径会被全部拼接
       location /v3/ {
           proxy_pass http://10.10.10.12;
       }
                      http://10.10.10.12/v3/api   # 将 /v3/api 拼接在proxy_pass后面，形成新的url

本地资源模式

location / {
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index  index.html index.htm;
}

# curl localhost/s1/api/index.html  -> /usr/local/s1/api/index.html
location /s1/ {
  root /usr/local/;
  index  index.html index.htm;
}


# curl localhost/s2/api/index.html  -> /usr/local/s2/api/index.html
location /s2/ {
  root /usr/local;
  index  index.html index.htm;
}

# curl localhost/s3/api/index.html  -> /usr/local/s3/api/index.html
location /s3 {
  root /usr/local/;
  index  index.html index.htm;
}

# curl localhost/s4/api/index.html  -> /usr/local/s4/api/index.html
location /s4 {
  root /usr/local;
  index  index.html index.htm;
}

# curl localhost/a1/api/index.html  -> /usr/local/api/index.html
location /a1/ {
  alias /usr/local/;
  index  index.html index.htm;
}

# curl localhost/a2/api/index.html  -> /usr/local//api/index.html
location /a2 {
  alias /usr/local/;
  index  index.html index.htm;
}

# curl localhost/hostname/  -> /etc/hostname
location /hostname {
  alias /etc;
  index hostname;
}

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